Last time, we gave a few proofs of the AM-GM inequality. They were proofs that were based on induction and some analysis. Today, we give a quick geometric proof of the original AM-GM. I hope you enjoy! I did!

The AM-GM (Original)

We begin with the following inequality:

Theorem (Special Case AM-GM): Let a,b∈ℝa,b\in \R be non-negative. Then,

ab≤a+b2.\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{a + b}{2}.

Let’s begin. It’s broken into parts so that you have a chance to work out some of it if you desire!

Click in the Discovery

Our goal is to determine what hh is equal to in the following figure:

Note that the line (a+b)(a+b) is a diameter that shares an endpoint with the chords cc and dd. Also, the chords cc and dd share one endpoint.

I challenge you to try to figure it out! As a hint, you will need to prove something about some of the angles in the triangles…

Something about angles: (Click to see Lemma)

As it happens, we want to show that ∠ch\angle ch is a right angle.

To do so, consider the following figure:

You might notice that we have two isosceles triangles (each has a radius as two of its legs). From this, we deduce: 2β+2θ=180°,2\beta+2\theta = 180\degree, which implies β+θ=90°.\beta+\theta = 90\degree.

Remark: We can also deduce the following as well: α+ϕ=180°,2θ+ϕ=180°.\alpha+ \phi = 180\degree,\;\;2\theta + \phi = 180\degree. From these equations, we can see that α=2θ,\alpha =2\theta, which you may recall comes from the inscribed angle theorem.

In summary, we have:

\square

Proof: (Click to see Full Proof)

Perfect, we have the following:

The key step is to notice that △ahc\triangle ahc and △hbd\triangle hbd are similar triangles (which follows from the fact that they both have the same internal angles, can you see why?). Thus, a/h=h/ba/h = h/b from which we deduce h=ab.h = \sqrt{ab}.

The final steps are to note that h≤radiush \leq radius, for any triangle that we draw, and that radius=a+b2.radius = \frac{a+b}{2}.

\square

\square

How nice is that proof? Answer: Very!

That was it!

A nice and short one for today! A classic proof, one might say. As always, thank you for reading this article, and I hope you had fun!

Be Kind. Be Curious. Be Compassionate. Be Creative.

And Have Fun!

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